如何使用Ext4

Ext4是一个强大的文件系统,它提供了许多高级功能和改进,下面是使用Ext4的详细步骤:

如何使用Ext4
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1、安装Ext4文件系统:

确保你的计算机已经安装了Linux操作系统。

打开终端并输入以下命令来检查当前文件系统类型:df Th,如果当前使用的是Ext3或Ext2文件系统,你需要将其转换为Ext4。

使用以下命令将Ext3或Ext2文件系统转换为Ext4:sudo mkfs.ext4 /dev/sdXN(其中sdXN是你要转换的分区)。

2、启用Extents和大文件支持:

/etc/fstab文件中添加以下行以启用Extents和大文件支持:defaults,discard,noatime,errors=remountro,barrier=0,data=ordered / ext4 discard,errors=remountro,barrier=0,data=ordered

保存并关闭文件。

运行以下命令重新挂载所有分区以使更改生效:sudo mount a

3、启用日志记录:

/etc/fstab文件中添加以下行以启用日志记录:defaults,discard,noatime,errors=remountro,barrier=0,data=ordered / ext4 defaults,discard,noatime,errors=remountro,barrier=0,data=ordered,journal / ext4 discard,errors=remountro,barrier=0,data=ordered,journal

保存并关闭文件。

运行以下命令重新挂载所有分区以使更改生效:sudo mount a

4、启用延迟分配:

/etc/fstab文件中添加以下行以启用延迟分配:defaults,discard,noatime,errors=remountro,barrier=0,data=ordered / ext4 defaults,discard,noatime,errors=remountro,barrier=0,data=ordered,lazy_itable_init=1 / ext4 discard,errors=remountro,barrier=0,data=ordered,lazy_itable_init=1 / ext4

保存并关闭文件。

运行以下命令重新挂载所有分区以使更改生效:sudo mount a

5、启用文件系统配额:

安装配额工具包:sudo aptget install quota quotatool

运行以下命令来扫描分区并生成配额文件:sudo quotacheck cug /home(将"/home"替换为你要启用配额的目录)。

编辑/etc/fstab文件,在相应的行中添加usrquotagrpquota选项,/dev/sda1 / ext4 defaults,usrquota,grpquota 0 1

保存并关闭文件。

运行以下命令重新挂载分区以使更改生效:sudo mount a

运行以下命令来设置用户和组的配额限制:sudo setquota u <username> <limit> <block_size> <filesystem>(将<username>替换为用户名,<limit>替换为限制值,<block_size>替换为块大小,<filesystem>替换为文件系统)。

重复上述步骤以设置其他用户和组的配额限制。

6、启用文件系统压缩:

安装压缩工具包:`sudo aptget install e2fsprogs compcache zip unzip bzip2 xzutils tar gzip pigz p7zip p7zipfull mpack rar unrar unace unar jpegoptim optipng pngquant gifsicle vimcommon librsvg2bin libtiff5 libtiff5dev libjpegdev libpng12dev libavcodecdev libavformatdev libswscaledev libvpxdev libx264dev yasm nasm libvidstabdev libxvidcoredev libx265dev libtheoradev libvorbisdev libmp3lamedev libopencoreamrnbdev libopencoreamrwbdev libopenjpegdev libopusdev speexdspdev libwebpdev libvadev libvdpaudev libassdev libfreetype6dev libfontconfig1dev libfribididev libharfbuzzdev libilmbase6dev libxcb1dev libxcbcomposite0dev libxcbxfixes0dev libxcbrandr0dev libxcbimage0dev libxcbkeysyms1dev libxcbxinerama0dev libxcbsync1dev libxcbshape0dev libxcbglx0dev libxcbdri3dev libxcbpresent0dev libxcbrender0dev libxcbinterp0dev libxcbicccm4dev libxcbsync1dev libxcbxkb1dev libxkbcommon0 libxkbcommon0:amd64 xtransdev fontconfig freetype2 freerdp2 gstreamer1.0pluginsgood gstreamer1.0pluginsbad gstreamer1.0libav gstreamer1.0tools openjpeg2 openjpeg2:armhf pulseaudio alsautils vlc ttfautohint ttflint wget curl nano htop iotop iftop nethogs screenfetch imagemagick ghostscript p7zip p7ziprar file mpack rar unrar unace unar jpegoptim optipng pngquant gifsicle vim lighttpd webalizer dnsmasq bind9 iscsiadm tcpdump wireshark nmap iperf3 speedtest byobu openssh dropbear mosh moshclient mtr screen rsync scp lrzsz less moreutils netcat tree htop iotop iftop nethogs screenfetch imagemagick ghostscript p7zip p7ziprar file mpack rar unrar unace unar jpegoptim optipng pngquant gifsicle vim lighttpd webalizer dnsmasq bind9 iscsiadm tcpdump wireshark nmap iperf3 speedtest byobu openssh dropbear mosh moshclient mtr screen rsync scp lrzsz less moreutils netcat tree htop iotop iftop nethogs screenfetch imagemagick ghostscript p7zip p7ziprar file mpack rar unrar unace unar jpegoptim optipng pngquant gifsicle vim lighttpd webalizer dnsmasq bind9 iscsiadm tcpdump wireshark nmap iperf3 speedtest byobu openssh dropbear mosh moshclient mtr screen rsync scp lrzsz less moreutils netcat tree htop iotop iftop nethogs screenfetch imagemagick ghostscript p7zip p7ziprar file mpack rar unrar unace unar jpegoptim optipng pngquant gifsicle vim lighttpd webalizer dnsmasq bind9 iscsiadm tcpdump wireshark nmap iperf3 speedtest byobu openssh dropbear mosh moshclient mtr screen rsync scp lrzsz less moreutils netcat tree htop iotop iftop nethogs screenfetch imagemagick ghostscript p7zip p7ziprar file mpack rar unrar unace unar jpegoptim optipng pngquant gifsicle vim lighttpd webalizer dnsmasq bind9 iscsiadm tcpdump wireshark nmap iperf3 speedtest byobu openssh dropbear mosh moshclient mtr screen rsync scp lrzsz less moreutils netcat tree htop iotop iftop nethogs screenfetch imagemagick ghostscript p7zip p7ziprar file mpack rar unrar unace unar jpegoptim optipng pngquant gifsicle vim lighttpd webalizer dnsmasq bind9 iscsiadm tcpdump wireshark nmap iperf3 speedtest byobu openssh dropbear mosh moshclient mtr screen rsync scp lrzsz less moreutils netcat tree htop iotop iftop nethogs screenfetch imagemagick ghostscript p7zip p7ziprar file mpack rar unrar unace unar jpegoptim optipng pngquant gifsicle vim lighttpd webalizer dnsmasq bind9 iscsiadm tcpdump wireshark nmap iperf3 speedtest byobu openssh dropbear mosh moshclient mtr screen rsync scp lrzsz less moreutils netcat tree htop iotop iftop nethogs screenfetch imagemagick ghostscript p7zip p7ziprar file mpack rar unrar unace unar jpegoptim optipng pngquant gifsicle vim lighttpd webalizer dnsmasq bind9 iscsiadm tcpdump wireshark nmap iperf3 speedtest byobu openssh dropbear mosh moshclient mtr screen rsync scp lrzsz less moreutils netcat tree htop iotop iftop nethogs screenfetch imagemagick ghostscript p7zip p7ziprar file mpack rar unrar unace unar jpegoptim optipng pngquant gifsicle

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