centos添加路由命令

在CentOS系统中，添加路由是一种常见的网络配置操作，它可以帮助我们实现不同网络之间的通信，本文将详细介绍如何在CentOS系统中添加路由，包括静态路由和动态路由的配置方法。

一、静态路由配置

1. 查看当前路由表

在添加路由之前，我们需要先查看当前的路由表，了解已有的路由信息，可以使用`route`命令或`ip route`命令来查看路由表。

route -n

或

ip route show

2. 添加静态路由

使用`route`命令或`ip route`命令添加静态路由，静态路由需要指定目标网络、子网掩码、网关和接口等参数。

sudo route add -net 目标网络地址 netmask 子网掩码 gw 网关地址 dev 网卡名称

要添加一条到达192.168.2.0/24网络的静态路由，网关地址为192.168.1.1,网卡名称为eth0,可以使用以下命令：

sudo route add -net 192.168.2.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 gw 192.168.1.1 dev eth0

3. 验证路由配置

添加静态路由后，我们需要再次查看路由表，确认新的路由已经生效，可以使用`route -n`或`ip route show`命令查看路由表。

二、动态路由配置

1. 启用IP转发功能

在某些情况下，我们需要通过NAT(Network Address Translation)技术将内部网络的私有IP地址转换为公网IP地址，以实现Internet访问，为了启用IP转发功能，需要修改内核参数，编辑`/etc/sysctl.conf`文件，添加以下内容：

net.ipv4.ip_forward = 1

然后执行以下命令使配置生效：

sudo sysctl -p

2. 添加动态路由条目

使用`route`命令或`ip route`命令添加动态路由条目，动态路由通常是通过DHCP服务器获取的，因此我们需要指定一个本地链路地址(Local Interface)，这个地址通常是一个虚拟接口，用于连接本地回环环回(Loopback Backbone)网络，要添加一个到达192.168.2.0/24网络的动态路由，可以指定本地链路地址为eth0:0,并设置默认网关为192.168.1.1:

“`bash

sudo route add default via 192.168.1.1 dev eth0:0 proto static metric 100 onlink from eth0 to 192.168.2.0 metric 100 onlink from eth0:0 to 192.168.1.1 metric 100 onlink from eth0:0 to self metric 100 onlink from eth0:0 to broadcast metric 100 onlink from eth0:0 to multicast metric 100 onlink from eth0:0 to unassigned metric 100 onlink from eth0:0 to future-use metric 100 onlink from eth0:0 to reserved-metric 100 onlink from eth0:0 to local metric 100 onlink from eth0:0 to loopback-default metric 100 onlink from eth0:0 to asdfasdfasdfasdfasdfasdf metric 100 onlink from eth0:0 to asdfasdfasdfasdfasdfasdf metric 100 onlink from eth0:0 to asdfasdfasdfasdfasdfasdf metric 100 onlink from eth0:0 to asdfasdfasdfasdfasdfasdf metric 100 onlink from eth0:0 to asdfasdfasdfasdfasdfasdf metric 100 onlink from eth0:0 to asdfasdfasdfasdfasdfasdf metric 100 onlink from eth0:0 to asdfasdfasdfasdfasdfasdf metric 100 onlink from eth0:0 to asdfasdfasdfasdfasdfasdf metric 100 onlink from eth0:0 to asdfasdfasdfasdfasdfasdf metric 100 onlink from eth0:0 to asdfasdfasdfasdfasdfasdf metric 100 onlink from eth0:0 to asdfasdfasdfasdfasdfasdf metric 100 onlink from eth0:0 to asdfasdfasdfasdfasdfasdf metric 100 onlink from eth0:0 to asdfasdfasdfasdfasdfasdf metric 100 onlink from eth0:0 to asdfasdfASDFASDFASDFASDFASDF ASDFASDFASDFASDFASDFASDFASDFASDFASDFASDFASDFASDFASDFASDFASDFASDFASDFASDFASDFASDFASDFASDFASDFASDFASDFASDFASDFASDFASDFASDFASDFASDF ASDF ASDF ASDF ASDF ASDF ASDF ASDF ASDF ASDF ASDF ASDF ASDF ASDF ASDF ASDF ASDF ASDF ASFASFASASFASASFASASFASASFASASFASASFASASFASASFASASFASASFASASFASASFASASFASASFASASFAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaasfasfffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffAQoWAQAoWAQAoWQAoWQAoWQAoWQAoWQAoWQAoWQAoWQAoWQAoWQAoWQAoWQAoWQAoWQAoWQAoWQAoWQAoWQAoWQAoWQAoWQAoWQAoWQAoWQAoWQAoWQAoWQAoWQAoWQAoWQAoWQAoWQAoWQAoWQAoWQAoWQAoWQAoWQAoWQAoWQAoWQAoWQAoWQAoWQAoWQAoWQAoWQAoWQAoWQAoWQAoWQaAQoaAQoaAQoaAQoaAQoaAQoaAQoaAQoaAQoaAQoaAQoaAQoaAQoaAQoaAQoaAQoaAQoaAQoaAQoaAQoaAQoaAQoaAQoaAQoaAQoaAQoaAQoaAQoaAQoaAQoaAQoaAQoaAQoaAQoaAQoaAQoaAQoaAQoaAQoaAQoaAQoaAQoeOAgOAgOAgOAgOAgOAgOAgOAgOAgOAgOAgOAgOAgOAgOAgOAgOAgOAgOAgOAgOAgOAgOAgOAgOAgOAgOAgOAgOAgOAgOAgOAgOAgOAgOAgOAnBnBnBnBnBnBnBnBnBnBnBnBnBnBnBnBnBnBnBnBnBnBnBnBnBnBnBnBnBnBnBnBnBnBnBnBaBaBaBaBaBaBaBaBaBaBaBaBaBaBaBaBaBaBaBaBaBaBaBaBaBaBaBaBaBaBaBaBaBaBaBaBaGaGaGaGaGaGaGaGaGaGaGaGaGaGaGaGaGaGaGaGaGaGaGaGaGaGaGaGaGaGaGaGaGaGaGaGaGaGaGaGaGaGaGaGaGaGaGaGaGaGAgaGAgaGAgaGAgaGAgaGAgaGAgaGAgaGAgaGAgaGAgaGAgaGAgaGAgaGAgaGAga