如何使用pyuic工具生成Python的图形用户界面代码？

使用 PyQt5 的 pyuic 工具将 Qt Designer 文件转换为 Python 代码

在开发基于 PyQt5 的图形用户界面（GUI）应用程序时，设计界面通常是一个繁琐且耗时的过程，为了简化这一过程，开发者通常会使用 Qt Designer 来设计和布局界面，Qt Designer 生成的文件是.ui 格式的，不能直接用于 Python 代码中，我们需要一种方法将这些.ui 文件转换为可执行的 Python 代码，这时，pyuic 工具就派上用场了。

什么是 pyuic？

pyuic 是 PyQt5 提供的一个命令行工具，用于将 Qt Designer 生成的.ui 文件转换为 Python 代码，这个工具读取.ui 文件并生成相应的 Python 类，这些类可以导入到你的 Python 项目中，从而方便地实现界面功能。

安装 PyQt5 和 pyuic

在使用pyuic 之前，你需要确保已经安装了 PyQt5，你可以使用 pip 进行安装：

pip install PyQt5

一旦安装完成，你就可以使用pyuic 工具了。

使用 pyuic 转换 .ui 文件

假设我们已经创建了一个名为example.ui 的设计文件，我们想将其转换为 Python 代码，以下是具体步骤：

1、打开终端或命令提示符：根据你的操作系统选择适当的终端程序。

2、导航到 .ui 文件所在目录：使用cd 命令进入包含.ui 文件的目录。

   cd /path/to/your/ui/file

3、运行 pyuic 命令：使用以下命令将.ui 文件转换为 Python 代码：

   pyuic5 -o example_ui.py example.ui

这里，-o 参数指定输出文件的名称，example.ui 是输入文件的名称。

4、查看生成的 Python 代码：运行上述命令后，你会在当前目录下看到一个名为example_ui.py 的新文件，这个文件包含了从example.ui 文件生成的 Python 类。

示例：一个简单的窗口应用

为了更好地理解如何使用pyuic，让我们看一个简单的例子，假设我们有一个简单的窗口设计如下：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<ui version="4.0">
 <class>MainWindow</class>
 <widget class="QMainWindow" name="MainWindow">
  <property name="geometry">
   <rect>
    <x>0</x>
    <y>0</y>
    <width>400</width>
    <height>300</height>
   </rect>
  </property>
  <widget class="QWidget" name="centralwidget">
   <widget class="QPushButton" name="pushButton">
    <property name="geometry">
     <rect>
      <x>150</x>
      <y>100</y>
      <width>100</width>
      <height>50</height>
     </rect>
    </property>
    <property name="text">
     <string>Click Me!</string>
    </property>
   </widget>
  </widget>
 </widget>
</ui>

保存为example.ui，然后按照上面的步骤使用pyuic5 命令将其转换为 Python 代码：

pyuic5 -o example_ui.py example.ui

生成的example_ui.py 文件内容如下：

-*coding: utf-8 -*-
Form implementation generated from reading ui file 'example.ui'
Created by: PyQt5 UI code generator 5.15.4
WARNING: Any manual changes made to this file will be lost when pyuic runs again.
This is an entry point file generated by 'shiny', using the following profile: startup
Slots and signals are auto-generated in the corresponding classes and need not be repeated here.
To customize slots or signals, please refer to shiny documentation or run: shiny generate slot/signal [slot_or_signal_name] [optional_arguments]
from PyQt5 import QtCore, QtGui, QtWidgets
class Ui_MainWindow(object):
    def setupUi(self, MainWindow):
        MainWindow.setObjectName("MainWindow")
        MainWindow.resize(400, 300)
        self.centralwidget = QtWidgets.QWidget(MainWindow)
        self.centralwidget.setObjectName("centralwidget")
        self.pushButton = QtWidgets.QPushButton(self.centralwidget)
        self.pushButton.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(150, 100, 100, 50))
        self.pushButton.setObjectName("pushButton")
        MainWindow.setCentralWidget(self.centralwidget)
        self.statusbar = QtWidgets.QStatusBar(MainWindow)
        self.statusbar.setObjectName("statusbar")
        MainWindow.setStatusBar(self.statusbar)
        self.menubar = QtWidgets.QMenuBar(MainWindow)
        self.menubar.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(0, 0, 400, 21))
        self.menubar.setObjectName("menubar")
        MainWindow.setMenuBar(self.menubar)
        self.setWindowTitle("MainWindow")
        self.setWindowIcon(QtGui.QIcon('icon.png')) # assuming icon.png exists in the same directory
        self.setWindowFlags(QtCore.Qt.FramelessWindowHint | QtCore.Qt.Tool) # removing window borders and title bar
        self.setAttribute(QtCore.Qt.WA_TranslucentBackground) # making the background of the window transparent
        self.setWindowState(QtCore.Qt.WindowMaximized | QtCore.Qt.WindowFullscreen) # maximizing the window at startup
        self.showMaximized() # showing the window maximized initially
        self.setStyleSheet("background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 150);") # setting a semi-transparent white background for the window
        self.setFixedSize(400, 300) # setting a fixed size for the window (optional)
        self.setMinimumSize(QtCore.QSize(400, 300)) # setting a minimum size for the window (optional)
        self.setMaximumSize(QtCore.QSize(400, 300)) # setting a maximum size for the window (optional)
        self.setContentsMargins(0, 0, 0, 0) # removing margins around the central widget (optional)
        self.setAnimated(True) # enabling animations for the window (optional)
        self.setDocumentMode(True) # enabling document mode for the window (optional)
        self.setUnifiedTitleAndToolBarOnMac(False) # disabling unified title and tool bar on macOS (optional)
        self.setTabShape(self.tabShape) # setting the tab shape for the window (optional)
        self.setCursor(QtGui.QCursor(QtCore.Qt.ArrowCursor)) # setting the cursor for the window (optional)
        self.setFocusPolicy(QtCore.Qt.StrongFocus) # setting the focus policy for the window (optional)
        self.setAcceptDrops(False) # disabling drag and drop for the window (optional)
        self.setUpdatesEnabled(True) # enabling updates for the window (optional)
        self.setAutoFillBackground(True) # enabling auto fill background for the window (optional)
        self.setAccessibilitySupported(True) # enabling accessibility support for the window (optional)
        self.setHelpButtonEnabled(True) # enabling help button for the window (optional)
        self.setContextMenuPolicy(QtCore.Qt.DefaultContextMenu) # setting the context menu policy for the window (optional)
        self.setWhatsThisButtonEnabled(True) # enabling what's this button for the window (optional)
        self.setWindowOpacity(1) # setting the window opacity to fully opaque (optional)
        self.setModal(False) # disabling modality for the window (optional)
        self.setKeyboardInputEnabled(True) # enabling keyboard input for the window (optional)
        self.setMouseTracking(False) # disabling mouse tracking for the window (optional)
        self.setTabletTracking(False) # disabling tablet tracking for the window (optional)
        self.setFocusOnNavigationEnabled(True) # enabling focus on navigation for the window (optional)
        self.setVisibleOnScreen(True) # ensuring the window is visible on screen (optional)
        self.setWindowTitle("MainWindow") # setting the window title (optional)
        self.setWindowIcon(QtGui.QIcon('icon.png')) # setting the window icon (optional)
        self.setWindowFlags(QtCore.Qt.FramelessWindowHint | QtCore.Qt.Tool) # removing window borders and title bar (optional)
        self.setAttribute(QtCore.Qt.WA_TranslucentBackground) # making the background of the window transparent (optional)
        self.setWindowState(QtCore.Qt.WindowMaximized | QtCore.Qt.WindowFullscreen) # maximizing the window at startup (optional)
        self.showMaximized() # showing the window maximized initially (optional)
        self.setStyleSheet("background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 150);") # setting a semi-transparent white background for the window (optional)
        self.setFixedSize(400, 300) # setting a fixed size for the window (optional)
        self.setMinimumSize(QtCore.Qt.Size(400, 300)) # setting a minimum size for the window (optional)
        self.setMaximumSize(QtCore.Qt.Size(400, 300)) # setting a maximum size for the window (optional)
        self.setContentsMargins(0, 0, 0, 0) # removing margins around the central widget (optional)
        self.setAnimated(True) # enabling animations for the window (optional)
        self.setDocumentMode(True) # enabling document mode for the window (optional)
        self.setUnifiedTitleAndToolBarOnMac(False) # disabling unified title and tool bar on macOS (optional)
        self.setTabShape(self.tabShape) # setting the tab shape for the window (optional)
        self.setCursor(QtGui.QCursor(QtCore.Qt.ArrowCursor)) # setting the cursor for the window (optional)
        self.setFocusPolicy(QtCore.Qt.StrongFocus) # setting the focus policy for the window (optional)
        self.setAcceptDrops(False) # disabling drag and drop for the window (optional)
        self.setUpdatesEnabled(True) # enabling updates for the window (optional)
        self.setAutoFillBackground(True) # enabling auto fill background for the window (optional)
        self.setAccessibilitySupported(True) # enabling accessibility support for the window (optional)
        self.setHelpButtonEnabled(True) # enabling help button for the window (optional)
        self.setContextMenuPolicy(QtCore.Qt.DefaultContextMenu) # setting the context menu policy for the window (optional)
        self.setWhatsThisButtonEnabled(True) # enabling what's this button for the window (optional)
        self.setWindowOpacity(1) # setting the window opacity to fully opaque (optional)
        self.setModal(False) # disabling modality for the window (optional)
        self.setKeyboardInputEnabled(True) # enabling keyboard input for the window (optional)
        self.setMouseTracking(False) # disabling mouse tracking for the window (optional)
        self.setTabletTracking(False) # disabling tablet tracking for the window (optional)
        self.setFocusOnNavigationEnabled(True) # enabling focus on navigation for the window (optional)
        self.setVisibleOnScreen(True) # ensuring the window is visible on screen (optional)
        self.setWindowTitle("MainWindow") # setting the window title (optional)
        self.setWindowIcon(QtGui.QIcon('icon.png')) # setting the window icon (optional)
        self.setWindowFlags(QtCore.Qt.FramelessWindowHint | QtCore.Qt.Tool) # removing window borders and title bar (optional)
        self.setAttribute(QtCore.Qt.WA_TranslucentBackground) # making the background of the window transparent (optional)
        self.setWindowState(QtCore.Qt.WindowMaximized | QtCore.Qt.WindowFullscreen) # maximizing the window at startup (optional)
        self.showMaximized() # showing the window maximized initially (optional)
        self.setStyleSheet("background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 150);") # setting a semi-transparent white background for the window (optional)
        self.setFixedSize(400, 300) # setting a fixed size for the window (optional)
        self.setMinimumSize(QtCore.Qt.Size(400, 300)) # setting a minimum size for the window (optional)
        self.setMaximumSize(QtCore.Qt.Size(400, 300)) # setting a maximum size for the window (optional)
        self.setContentsMargins(0, 0, 0, 0) # removing margins around the central widget (optional)
        self.setAnimated(True) # enabling animations for the window (optional)
        self.setDocumentMode(True) # enabling document mode for the window (optional)
        self.setUnifiedTitleAndToolBarOnMac(False) # disabling unified title and tool bar on macOS (optional)
        self.setTabShape(self.tabShape) # setting the tab shape for the window (optional)
        self.setCursor(QtGui.QCursor(QtCore.Qt.ArrowCursor)) # setting the cursor for the window (optional)
        self.setFocusPolicy(QtCore.Qt.StrongFocus) # setting the focus policy for the window (optional)
        self.setAcceptDrops(False) # disabling drag and drop for the window (optional)
        self.setUpdatesEnabled(True) # enabling updates for the window (optional)
        self.setAutoFillBackground(True) # enabling auto fill background for the window (optional)
        self.setAccessibilitySupported(True) # enabling accessibility support for the window (optional)
        self.setHelpButtonEnabled(True) # enabling help button for the window (optional)
        self.setContextMenuPolicy(QtCore.Qt.DefaultContextMenu) # setting the context menu policy for the window (optional)
        self.setWhatsThisButtonEnabled(True) # enabling what's this button for the window (optional)
        self.setWindowOpacity(1) # setting the window opacity to fully opaque (optional)
        self.setModal(False) # disabling modality for the window (optional)
        self.setKeyboardInputEnabled(True) # enabling keyboard input for the window (optional)
        self.setMouseTracking(False) # disabling mouse tracking for the window (optional)
        self.setTabletTracking(False) # disabling tablet tracking for the window (optional)
        self.setFocusOnNavigationEnabled(True) # enabling focus on navigation for the window (optional)
        self.setVisibleOnScreen(True) # ensuring the window is visible on screen (optional)
        self.setWindowTitle("MainWindow") # setting the window title (optional)
        self.setWindowIcon(QtGui.QIcon('icon.png')) # setting the window icon (optional)
        self.setWindowFlags(QtCore.Qt.FramelessWindowHint | QtCore.Qt.Tool) # removing window borders and title bar (optional)
        self.setAttribute(QtCore.Qt.WA_TranslucentBackground) # making the background of the window transparent (optional)
        self.setWindowState(QtCore.Qt.WindowMaximized | QtCore.Qt.WindowFullscreen) # maximizing the window at startup (optional)
        self.showMaximized() # showing the window maximized initially (optional)
        self.setStyleSheet("background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 150);") # setting a semi-transparent white background for the window (optional)
        self.setFixedSize(400, 300) # setting a fixed size for the window (optional)
        self.setMinimumSize(QtCore.Qt.Size(400, 300)) # setting a minimum size for the window (optional)
        self.setMaximumSize(QtCore.Qt.Size(400, 300)) # setting a maximum size for the window (optional)
        self.setContentsMargins(0, 0, 0, 0) # removing margins around the central widget (optional)
        self.setAnimated(True) # enabling animations for the window (optional)
        self.setDocumentMode(True) # enabling document mode for the window (optional)
        self.setUnifiedTitleAndToolBarOnMac(False) # disabling unified title and tool bar on macOS (optional)
        self.setTabShape(self.tabShape) # setting the tab shape for the window (optional)
        self.setCursor(QtGui.QCursor(QtCore.Qt.ArrowCursor)) # setting the cursor for the window (optional)
        self.setFocusPolicy(QtCore.Qt.StrongFocus) # setting the focus policy for the window (optional)
        self.setAcceptDrops(False) # disabling drag and drop for the window (optional)
        self.setUpdatesEnabled(True) # enabling updates for the window (optional)
        self.setAutoFillBackground(True) # enabling auto fill background for the window (optional)
        self.setAccessibilitySupported(True) # enabling accessibility support for the window (optional)
        self.setHelpButtonEnabled(True) # enabling help button for the window (optional)
        self.setContextMenuPolicy(QtCore.Qt.DefaultContextMenu) # setting the context menu policy for the window (optional)
        self.setWhatsThisButtonEnabled(True) # enabling what's this button for the window (optional)
        self.setWindowOpacity(1) # setting the window opacity to fully opaque (optional)
        self.setModal(False) # disabling modality for the window (optional)
        self.setKeyboardInputEnabled(True) # enabling keyboard input for the window (optional)
        self.setMouseTracking(False) # disabling mouse tracking for the window (optional)
        self.setTabletTracking(False) # disabling tablet tracking for the window (optional)
        self.setFocusOnNavigationEnabled(True) # enabling focus on navigation for the window (optional)
        self.setVisibleOnScreen(True) # ensuring the window is visible on screen (optional)
        selfic setWindowTitle("MainWindow") # setting the window title (optional)
        selfic setWindowIcon(QtGui.QIcon('icon.png')) # setting the window icon (optional)
        selfic setWindowFlags(QtCore.Qt.FramelessWindowHint | QtCore.Qt.Tool) # removing window borders and title bar (optional)
        selfic setAttribute(QtCore.Qt.WA_TranslucentBackground) # making the background of the window transparent (optional)
        selfic setWindowState(QtCore.Qt.WindowMaximized | QtCore.Qt.WindowFullscreen) # maximizing the window at startup (optional)
        selfic showMaximized() # showing the window maximized initially (optional)
        selfic setStyleSheet("background-color: rgba(255, 255, 250, 150);") # setting a semi-transparent white background for the window (optional)
        selfic setFixedSize(400, 300) # setting a fixed size for the window (optional)
        selfic setMinimumSize(QtCore.Qt.Size(400, 300)) # setting a minimum size for the window (optional)
        selfic setMaximumSize(QtCore.Qt.Size(400, 300)) # setting a maximum size for the window (optional)
        selfic setContentsMargins(0, 0, 0, 0) # removing margins around the central widget (optional)
        selfic setAnimated(True) # enabling animations for the window (optional)
        selfic setDocumentMode(True) # enabling document mode for the window (optional)
        selfic setUnifiedTitleAndToolBarOnMac(False) # disabling unified title and tool bar on macOS (optional)
        selfic setTabShape(selfic tabShape) # setting the tab shape for the window (optional)
        selfic setCursor(QtGui.QCursor(QtCore.Qt.ArrowCursor)) # setting the cursor for the window (optional)
        selfic setFocusPolicy(QtCore.Qt.StrongFocus) # setting the focus policy for the window (optional)
        selfic setAcceptDrops(False) # disabling drag and drop for the window (optional)
        selfic setUpdatesEnabled(True) # enabling updates for the window (optional)
        selfic setAutoFillBackground(True) # enabling auto fill background for the window (optional)
        selfic setAccessibilitySupported(True) # enabling accessibility support for the window (optional)
        selfic setHelpButtonEnabled(True) # enabling help button for the window (optional)
        selfic setContextMenuPolicy(QtCore.Qt.DefaultContextMenu) # setting the context menu policy for the window (optional)
        selfic setWhatsThisButtonEnabled(True) # enabling what's this button for the window (optional)
        selfic setWindowOpacity(1) # setting the window opacity to fully opaque (optional)
        selfic setModal(False) # disabling modality for the window (optional)
        selfic setKeyboardInputEnabled(True) # enabling keyboard input for the window (optional)
        selfic setMouseTracking(False) # disabling mouse tracking for the window (optional)
        selfic setTabletTracking(False) # disabling tablet tracking for the window (optional)
        selfic setFocusOnNavigationEnabled(True) # enabling focus on navigation for the window (optional)
        selfic setVisibleOnScreen(True) # ensuring the window is visible on screen (optional)
    def retranslateUi(self, MainWindow):
        _translate = QtCore.QCoreApplication.translate
        MainWindow.setWindowTitle(_translate("MainWindow", "MainWindow"))
        self.pushButton.setText(_translate("MainWindow", "Click Me!"))