CentOS 域名解析服务
一、DNS 简介
域名系统(DNS)是互联网的重要基础服务之一,它提供了将域名解析为IP地址的功能,在CentOS中,BIND是一款常用的DNS服务器软件,通过它可以搭建主域名服务器和辅助域名服务器,实现正向解析和反向解析功能。
二、安装 BIND 服务
1、安装 BIND 软件包:
yum install -y bind bind-utils
2、启动并设置 BIND 服务开机自启:
systemctl start named systemctl enable named
3、关闭防火墙:
systemctl stop firewalld systemctl disable firewalld
4、关闭 SELinux:
sed -i "s/^SELINUX=.*/SELINUX=disabled/" /etc/selinux/config setenforce 0
三、配置正向解析
1、修改主配置文件/etc/named.conf
:
vim /etc/named.conf
添加或修改以下内容:
options { listen-on port 53 { any; }; listen-on-v6 port 53 { any; }; directory "/var/named"; dump-file "/var/named/data/cache_dump.db"; statistics-file "/var/named/data/named_stats.txt"; memstatistics-file "/var/named/data/named_mem_stats.txt"; allow-query { any; }; recursion yes; dnssec-enable yes; dnssec-validation yes; dnssec-lookaside auto; bindkeys-file "/etc/named.iscdlv.key"; managed-keys-directory "/var/named/dynamic"; pid-file "/run/named/named.pid"; session-keyfile "/run/named/session.key"; }; logging { channel default_debug { file "data/named.run"; severity dynamic; }; }; zone "." IN { type hint; file "named.ca"; }; include "/etc/named.rfc1912.zones"; include "/etc/named.root.key";
2、创建区域文件:
vim /etc/named.rfc1912.zones
添加以下内容:
zone "centos.com" IN { type master; file "centos.com.zone"; allow-update { none; }; };
3、复制模板文件并编辑区域数据文件:
cp -p /var/named/named.localhost /var/named/centos.com.zone vim /var/named/centos.com.zone
修改内容如下:
$TTL 1D @ IN SOA ns.centos.com. root.centos.com. ( 0 ; Serial 1D ; Refresh 1H ; Retry 1W ; Expire 3H ) ; Negative caching TTL IN NS ns.centos.com. IN MX 10 mail.centos.com. mail IN A 192.168.20.100 www IN A 192.168.20.100 bbs IN A 192.168.20.100 ns IN A 192.168.20.100
4、重启 BIND 服务:
systemctl restart named
四、配置反向解析
1、创建反向解析区域文件:
vim /etc/named.rfc1912.zones
添加以下内容:
zone "20.168.192.in-addr.arpa" IN { type master; file "192.168.20.arpa"; allow-update { none; }; };
2、编辑反向解析数据文件:
vim /var/named/192.168.20.arpa
添加以下内容:
$TTL 1D @ IN SOA ns.centos.com. root.centos.com. ( 0 ; Serial 1D ; Refresh 1H ; Retry 1W ; Expire 3H ) ; Negative caching TTL IN NS ns.centos.com. 100 IN PTR ns.centos.com. 100 IN PTR mail.centos.com. 100 IN PTR www.centos.com. 100 IN PTR bbs.centos.com.
3、重启 BIND 服务:
systemctl restart named
五、常见问题解答 (FAQs)
Q1: BIND 服务无法启动怎么办?
检查配置文件是否有语法错误,使用以下命令验证:
named-checkconf named-checkzone centos.com /etc/named.rfc1912.zones
查看日志文件/var/log/messages
或/var/named/data/named_run
获取更多错误信息。
Q2: 如何更改 DNS 服务器的监听地址?
编辑/etc/named.conf
文件,找到listen-on
指令,修改为所需的IP地址或接口名称。
listen-on port 53 { 192.168.1.1; };
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