防火墙做链路负载均衡
一、引言
随着互联网的快速发展,企业对网络连接的可靠性和性能提出了更高要求,链路负载均衡技术通过合理分配流量到多条链路上,提高了网络的整体性能和可靠性,本文将详细介绍如何在防火墙上配置链路负载均衡,具体涉及配置需求、实现效果、基本组网配置、安全策略配置、NQA探测组配置、链路组与链路配置、负载均衡行为匹配、负载均衡策略配置以及验证配置等方面。
二、配置需求及实现的效果
某公司申请了三条不同运营商的外网线路,需实现以下需求:
1、内网用户访问指定运营商链路:内网用户访问移动、联通、电信链路数据分别从相应链路转发。
2、财务部门特殊需求:财务部门经常访问网银等支付平台,不希望出口IP地址经常变化,指定财务数据从电信转发,当电信流量负载达到带宽的90%后,后续流量负载到联通链路上。
三、基本组网配置
1. 外网接口配置
配置电信、联通、移动链路接口地址,并开启保存上一跳功能。
[H3C] interface GigabitEthernet1/0/1 [H3C-GigabitEthernet1/0/1] ip address 202.90.112.2 255.255.255.0 [H3C-GigabitEthernet1/0/1] ip last-hop hold [H3C-GigabitEthernet1/0/1] nat outbound [H3C-GigabitEthernet1/0/1] quit [H3C] interface GigabitEthernet1/0/2 [H3C-GigabitEthernet1/0/2] ip address 14.204.0.2 255.255.255.0 [H3C-GigabitEthernet1/0/2] ip last-hop hold [H3C-GigabitEthernet1/0/2] nat outbound [H3C-GigabitEthernet1/0/2] quit [H3C] interface GigabitEthernet1/0/3 [H3C-GigabitEthernet1/0/3] ip address 218.200.5.8 255.255.255.0 [H3C-GigabitEthernet1/0/3] ip last-hop hold [H3C-GigabitEthernet1/0/3] nat outbound [H3C-GigabitEthernet1/0/3] quit
2. 安全域及安全策略配置
将外网接口加入不信任区域,并创建对象策略pass。
[H3C] security-zone name Untrust [H3C-security-zone-Untrust] import interface GigabitEthernet1/0/1 [H3C-security-zone-Untrust] import interface GigabitEthernet1/0/2 [H3C-security-zone-Untrust] import interface GigabitEthernet1/0/3 [H3C-security-zone-Untrust] quit [H3C] object-policy ip pass [H3C-object-policy-ip-pass] rule 0 pass [H3C-object-policy-ip-pass] quit [H3C] zone-pair security source any destination any [H3C-zone-pair-securityAny-Any] object-policy apply ip pass [H3C-zone-pair-securityAny-Any] quit
四、NQA探测组配置
创建NQA探测组用于链路健康性检测。
[H3C] nqa template icmp nqa [H3C-nqatplt-icmp-nqa] description test [H3C-nqatplt-icmp-nqa] reaction trigger per-probe [H3C-nqatplt-icmp-nqa] quit
五、链路组与链路配置
配置链路组和链路,引用NQA探测组。
[H3C] loadbalance link-group lg [H3C-lb-lgroup-lg] proximity enable [H3C-lb-lgroup-lg] transparent enable [H3C-lb-lgroup-lg] quit [H3C] loadbalance link link1 [H3C-lb-link-link1] router ip 10.1.1.2 [H3C-lb-link-link1] link-group lg [H3C-lb-link-link1] probe t1 [H3C-lb-link-link1] quit [H3C] loadbalance link link2 [H3C-lb-link-link2] router ip 20.1.1.2 [H3C-lb-link-link2] link-group lg [H3C-lb-link-link2] probe t1 [H3C-lb-link-link2] quit
六、负载均衡行为匹配
配置负载均衡行为匹配各链路组。
[H3C] loadbalance behavior bh1 [H3C-lb-behavior-bh1] link-group lg [H3C-lb-behavior-bh1] quit
七、负载均衡策略配置
配置负载均衡策略匹配运营商路由表。
[H3C] loadbalance policy pl1 [H3C-lb-policy-pl1] match route 10.1.1.0 0.0.0.255 behavior bh1 [H3C-lb-policy-pl1] match route 20.1.1.0 0.0.0.255 behavior bh1 [H3C-lb-policy-pl1] match route 30.1.1.0 0.0.0.255 behavior bh1 [H3C-lb-policy-pl1] quit
八、配置财务链路组及负载均衡行为
配置财务链路组及负载均衡行为,确保电信流量负载到90%后切换到联通链路。
[H3C] loadbalance link-group finance_lg [H3C-lb-lgroup-finance_lg] proximity enable [H3C-lb-lgroup-finance_lg] transparent enable [H3C-lb-lgroup-finance_lg] quit [H3C] loadbalance link finance_link1 [H3C-lb-link-finance_link1] router ip 202.90.112.1 [H3C-lb-link-finance_link1] link-group finance_lg [H3C-lb-link-finance_link1] probe t1 [H3C-lb-link-finance_link1] quit [H3C] loadbalance link finance_link2 [H3C-lb-link-finance_link2] router ip 14.204.0.1 [H3C-lb-link-finance_link2] link-group finance_lg [H3C-lb-link-finance_link2] probe t1 [H3C-lb-link-finance_link2] quit [H3C] loadbalance behavior finance_bh1 [H3C-lb-behavior-finance_bh1] link-group finance_lg [H3C-lb-behavior-finance_bh1] quit
九、配置负载均衡策略匹配财务网段
[H3C] loadbalance policy finance_pl1 [H3C-lb-policy-finance_pl1] match route 172.16.0.0 0.0.255.255 behavior finance_bh1 [H3C-lb-policy-finance_pl1] quit
十、配置虚服务策略及保存配置
[H3C] service policy sp1 inbound [H3C-service-policy-sp1] loadbalance policy pl1 [H3C-service-policy-sp1] loadbalance policy finance_pl1 [H3C-service-policy-sp1] quit
十一、配置验证
验证各链路的配置和负载均衡效果。
测试电信链路 display loadbalance link link1 state 测试联通链路 display loadbalance link link2 state 测试移动链路 display loadbalance link link3 state 测试财务链路 display loadbalance link finance_link1 state display loadbalance link finance_link2 state
十二、归纳
通过以上步骤,成功在防火墙上实现了链路负载均衡,满足了企业对业务流量快速转发和链路冗余的需求,配置过程中,主要涉及基本组网配置、安全策略配置、NQA探测组配置、链路组与链路配置、负载均衡行为匹配、负载均衡策略配置以及配置验证等方面。
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