如何查看Linux服务器上的操作系统信息?

在Linux服务器上查看操作系统信息,可以使用cat /etc/os-release命令来获取详细的发行版信息。

在Linux服务器上,查看操作系统信息是系统管理员和开发者进行系统维护、故障排查以及性能优化的重要步骤,通过一系列命令,可以获取关于操作系统版本、内核信息、硬件配置等详细信息,本文将详细介绍如何使用这些命令来查看Linux服务器的操作系统信息。

查看操作系统版本信息

服务器查看操作系统linux

uname命令

uname命令用于显示系统的基本信息,包括内核名称、节点名称、内核版本、机器类型等,使用uname -a可以显示所有可用的系统信息。

uname -a

示例输出:

Linux localhost.localdomain 2.4.20-8 #1 Thu Mar 13 17:54:28 EST 2003 i686 athlon i386 GNU/Linux

lsb_release命令

lsb_release命令提供了Linux标准基础(LSB)兼容的发行版的信息,它适用于所有的Linux发行版,如RedHat、SUSE、Debian等。

lsb_release -a

示例输出:

Distributor ID: Ubuntu
Description:    Ubuntu 20.04.3 LTS
Release:        20.04
Codename:       focal

/etc/os-release文件

服务器查看操作系统linux

大多数现代Linux发行版都包含一个名为/etc/os-release的文件,其中包含有关操作系统的详细信息。

cat /etc/os-release

示例输出:

NAME="CentOS Linux"
VERSION="7 (Core)"
ID="centos"
ID_LIKE="rhel fedora"
VERSION_ID="7"
PRETTY_NAME="CentOS Linux 7 (Core)"
ANSI_COLOR="0;31"
CPE_NAME="cpe:/o:centos:centos:7"
HOME_URL="https://www.centos.org/"
BUG_REPORT_URL="https://bugs.centos.org/"
CENTOS_MANIFESTURL="http://mirror.centos.org/centos/7/os/x86_64/"
REDHAT_SUPPORT_PRODUCT="centos"
REDHAT_SUPPORT_PRODUCT_VERSION="7"

查看内核版本信息

uname命令

使用uname -r可以显示当前系统的内核版本。

uname -r

示例输出:

5、13.0-28-generic

/proc/version文件

查看/proc/version文件也可以获取内核版本和编译信息。

服务器查看操作系统linux
cat /proc/version

示例输出:

Linux version 2.6.32-696.el6.x86_64 (mockbuild@c1bm.rdu2.centos.org) (gcc version 4.4.7 20120313 (Red Hat 4.4.7-18) (GCC) ) #1 SMP Tue Mar 21 19:29:05 UTC 2017

查看CPU信息

lscpu命令

lscpu命令可以显示CPU架构信息,如核心数、每个核心的线程数、CPU家族等。

lscpu

示例输出:

Architecture:                    x86_64
CPU op-mode(s):                  32-bit, 64-bit
Byte Order:                      Little Endian
CPU(s):                          8
On-line CPU(s) list:             0-7
Thread(s) per core:              2
Core(s) per socket:              4
Socket(s):                       1
NUMA node(s):                    1
Vendor ID:                       GenuineIntel
CPU family:                      6
Model:                           142
Model name:                      Intel(R) Core(TM) i7-8700 CPU @ 3.20GHz
...

/proc/cpuinfo文件

查看/proc/cpuinfo文件也可以获取详细的CPU信息。

cat /proc/cpuinfo | grep "physical id" | sort | uniq | wc -l

示例输出:

2

查看内存使用情况

free命令

free命令用于显示系统的内存使用情况,包括总内存、已用内存、空闲内存等。

free -h

示例输出:

              total        used        free      shared  buff/cache   available
Mem:           31Gi       3.2Gi        26Gi       988Mi       1.7Gi        27Gi
Swap:          12Gi          0B        12Gi

查看磁盘空间使用情况

df命令

df命令用于显示磁盘分区的使用情况,使用-h参数可以以易读的格式显示信息。

df -h

示例输出:

Filesystem      Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
udev             16G     0   16G   0% /dev
tmpfs           3.2G  2.4M  3.2G   1% /run
/dev/sda1       232G   28G  193G  13% /
tmpfs            16G  133M   16G   1% /dev/shm
tmpfs           5.0M  4.0K  5.0M   1% /run/lock
tmpfs            16G     0   16G   0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/loop0       50M   50M     0  100% /snap/core18/2253
/dev/loop1       99M   99M     0  100% /snap/core/11606
...

查看网络接口信息

ifconfig命令

ifconfig命令用于显示网络接口的信息,包括接口名称、MAC地址、IP地址等,如果未安装,可以使用ip addr命令替代。

ifconfig

示例输出:

eth0: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST>RUNNING>MULTICAST> 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