Android 实现调用摄像头和相册
Android 应用中,调用摄像头和相册是常见的功能需求,本文将详细介绍如何在 Android 应用中实现这两个功能,包括权限申请、界面设计以及代码实现。
一、权限申请
在 Android 6.0(API 级别 23)及更高版本中,需要在运行时请求权限,以下是需要申请的权限列表:
权限名称 | 权限说明 |
android.permission.CAMERA | 访问摄像头 |
android.permission.READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE | 读取外部存储中的图片 |
android.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE | 写入外部存储中的图片 |
1. 在AndroidManifest.xml
文件中声明权限
<manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" package="com.example.cameraalbum"> <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.CAMERA"/> <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE"/> <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE"/> ... </manifest>
动态请求权限
在Activity
中动态请求权限:
private static final int PERMISSION_REQUEST_CODE = 100; @Override protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); setContentView(R.layout.activity_main); if (ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission(this, Manifest.permission.CAMERA) != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED || ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission(this, Manifest.permission.READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE) != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED || ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission(this, Manifest.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE) != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) { ActivityCompat.requestPermissions(this, new String[]{Manifest.permission.CAMERA, Manifest.permission.READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE, Manifest.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE}, PERMISSION_REQUEST_CODE); } else { // 权限已经授予,可以直接调用摄像头或相册 } } @Override public void onRequestPermissionsResult(int requestCode, @NonNull String[] permissions, @NonNull int[] grantResults) { super.onRequestPermissionsResult(requestCode, grantResults); if (requestCode == PERMISSION_REQUEST_CODE) { if (grantResults.length > 0 && grantResults[0] == PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) { // 权限被授予,可以调用摄像头或相册 } else { // 权限被拒绝,提示用户并关闭应用 Toast.makeText(this, "权限被拒绝,无法使用摄像头和相册", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show(); finish(); } } }
二、调用摄像头
创建布局文件
在res/layout/activity_main.xml
中添加一个按钮用于启动摄像头:
<Button android:id="@+id/btn_take_photo" android:layout_width="wrap_content" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:text="Take Photo" />
编写启动摄像头的逻辑
在MainActivity
中编写启动摄像头的代码:
private Button btnTakePhoto; private static final int REQUEST_IMAGE_CAPTURE = 1; private String currentPhotoPath; @Override protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); setContentView(R.layout.activity_main); btnTakePhoto = findViewById(R.id.btn_take_photo); btnTakePhoto.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() { @Override public void onClick(View v) { dispatchTakePictureIntent(); } }); } private void dispatchTakePictureIntent() { Intent takePictureIntent = new Intent(MediaStore.ACTION_IMAGE_CAPTURE); if (takePictureIntent.resolveActivity(getPackageManager()) != null) { File photoFile = null; try { photoFile = createImageFile(); } catch (IOException ex) { // Error occurred while creating the File } if (photoFile != null) { Uri photoURI = FileProvider.getUriForFile(this, "com.example.cameraalbum.fileprovider", photoFile); takePictureIntent.putExtra(MediaStore.EXTRA_OUTPUT, photoURI); startActivityForResult(takePictureIntent, REQUEST_IMAGE_CAPTURE); } } } private File createImageFile() throws IOException { String timeStamp = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyyMMdd_HHmmss").format(new Date()); String imageFileName = "JPEG_" + timeStamp + "_"; File storageDir = getExternalFilesDir(Environment.DIRECTORY_PICTURES); File image = File.createTempFile(imageFileName, ".jpg", storageDir); currentPhotoPath = image.getAbsolutePath(); return image; } @Override protected void onActivityResult(int requestCode, resultCode, data) { super.onActivityResult(requestCode, resultCode, data); if (requestCode == REQUEST_IMAGE_CAPTURE && resultCode == RESULT_OK) { Bundle extras = data.getExtras(); Bitmap imageBitmap = (Bitmap) extras.get("data"); // 在这里处理拍摄的照片,例如显示在 ImageView 上或保存到本地 } }
三、调用相册
创建布局文件
在res/layout/activity_main.xml
中添加一个按钮用于启动相册:
<Button android:id="@+id/btn_choose_from_gallery" android:layout_width="wrap_content" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:text="Choose from Gallery" />
编写启动相册的逻辑
在MainActivity
中编写启动相册的代码:
private Button btnChooseFromGallery; private static final int PICK_IMAGE_REQUEST = 2; @Override protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); setContentView(R.layout.activity_main); btnChooseFromGallery = findViewById(R.id.btn_choose_from_gallery); btnChooseFromGallery.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() { @Override public void onClick(View v) { openGallery(); } }); } private void openGallery() { Intent intent = new Intent(); intent.setType("image/*"); intent.setAction(Intent.ACTION_GET_CONTENT); startActivityForResult(Intent.createChooser(intent, "Select Picture"), PICK_IMAGE_REQUEST); } @Override protected void onActivityResult(int requestCode, resultCode, data) { super.onActivityResult(requestCode, resultCode, data); if (requestCode == PICK_IMAGE_REQUEST && resultCode == RESULT_OK && data != null && data.getData() != null) { Uri selectedImageUri = data.getData(); // 在这里处理选择的图片,例如显示在 ImageView 上或保存到本地 } }
四、归纳
通过以上步骤,我们已经实现了 Android 应用中调用摄像头和相册的功能,需要注意的是,在实际开发中还需要处理各种异常情况,例如用户拒绝权限申请、设备没有摄像头等,还可以根据具体需求对拍摄和选择的照片进行进一步处理,如裁剪、压缩等,希望本文对您有所帮助!
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