Android设备如何发送短信?

Android发送短信有两种主要方式:调起系统发短信功能或调用系统短信接口直接发送。

Android设备发送短信可以通过调用系统API或者使用Intent来调起系统的短信应用,以下是关于如何在Android中发送短信的详细步骤:

Android设备如何发送短信?

一、准备工作

1、权限声明:在AndroidManifest.xml文件中声明发送短信的权限。

   <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.SEND_SMS" />

2、用户界面布局:创建一个简单的用户界面,包括输入电话号码和短信内容的文本框以及发送按钮。

   <!-activity_main.xml -->
   <LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
       android:layout_width="match_parent"
       android:layout_height="match_parent"
       android:orientation="vertical" >
       <EditText
           android:id="@+id/ed_phone"
           android:layout_width="match_parent"
           android:layout_height="wrap_content"
           android:hint="Phone Number" />
       <EditText
           android:id="@+id/ed_content"
           android:layout_width="match_parent"
           android:layout_height="wrap_content"
           android:hint="Message Content" />
       <Button
           android:id="@+id/bt_send"
           android:layout_width="match_parent"
           android:layout_height="wrap_content"
           android:text="Send SMS" />
   </LinearLayout>

二、代码实现

1. 获取用户输入并发送短信

// MainActivity.java
package com.example.sendsms;
import android.Manifest;
import android.content.pm.PackageManager;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.telephony.SmsManager;
import android.view.View;
import android.widget.Button;
import android.widget.EditText;
import android.widget.Toast;
import androidx.annotation.NonNull;
import androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivity;
import androidx.core.app.ActivityCompat;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
    private EditText edPhone, edContent;
    private static final int SEND_SMS = 100;
    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
        
        edPhone = findViewById(R.id.ed_phone);
        edContent = findViewById(R.id.ed_content);
        Button btSend = findViewById(R.id.bt_send);
        btSend.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(View v) {
                requestPermission();
            }
        });
    }
    private void requestPermission() {
        if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.M) {
            if (ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission(this, Manifest.permission.SEND_SMS) != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
                ActivityCompat.requestPermissions(this, new String[]{Manifest.permission.SEND_SMS}, SEND_SMS);
            } else {
                sendSMSS();
            }
        } else {
            sendSMSS();
        }
    }
    @Override
    public void onRequestPermissionsResult(int requestCode, @NonNull String[] permissions, @NonNull int[] grantResults) {
        super.onRequestPermissionsResult(requestCode, permissions, grantResults);
        if (requestCode == SEND_SMS && grantResults[0] == PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
            sendSMSS();
        } else {
            Toast.makeText(this, "Permission Denied", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
        }
    }
    private void sendSMSS() {
        String phone = edPhone.getText().toString().trim();
        String content = edContent.getText().toString().trim();
        if (!phone.isEmpty() && !content.isEmpty()) {
            SmsManager smsManager = SmsManager.getDefault();
            List<String> dividedMessages = smsManager.divideMessage(content);
            for (String text : dividedMessages) {
                smsManager.sendTextMessage(phone, null, text, null, null);
            }
            Toast.makeText(this, "短信发送成功", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
        } else {
            Toast.makeText(this, "请填写完整的电话和内容", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
        }
    }
}

2. 参数说明

Android设备如何发送短信?

destinationAddress:目标电话号码。

scAddress:短信中心号码,测试可以不填。

text

sentIntent:发送状态的意图,包装了短信发送状态的信息。

Android设备如何发送短信?

deliveryIntent:接收状态的意图,包装了短信是否被对方收到的状态信息。

三、处理返回的发送状态

为了监控短信的发送状态,可以使用PendingIntent来处理返回的发送状态和接收状态。

// 处理返回的发送状态
String SENT_SMS_ACTION = "SENT_SMS_ACTION";
Intent sentIntent = new Intent(SENT_SMS_ACTION);
PendingIntent sentPI = PendingIntent.getBroadcast(context, 0, sentIntent, 0);
context.registerReceiver(new BroadcastReceiver() {
    @Override
    public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
        switch (getResultCode()) {
            case Activity.RESULT_OK:
                Toast.makeText(context, "短信发送成功", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
                break;
            case SmsManager.RESULT_ERROR_GENERIC_FAILURE:
            case SmsManager.RESULT_ERROR_RADIO_OFF:
            case SmsManager.RESULT_ERROR_NULL_PDU:
                break;
        }
    }
}, new IntentFilter(SENT_SMS_ACTION));

四、处理返回的接收状态

// 处理返回的接收状态
String DELIVERED_SMS_ACTION = "DELIVERED_SMS_ACTION";
Intent deliverIntent = new Intent(DELIVERED_SMS_ACTION);
PendingIntent deliverPI = PendingIntent.getBroadcast(context, 0, deliverIntent, 0);
context.registerReceiver(new BroadcastReceiver() {
    @Override
    public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
        Toast.makeText(context, "收信人已经成功接收", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
    }
}, new IntentFilter(DELIVERED_SMS_ACTION));

五、完整示例代码汇总

以下是一个完整的示例代码,展示了如何在Android中实现发送短信的功能,包括用户界面、权限请求、短信发送以及发送状态的处理。

// MainActivity.java
package com.example.sendsms;
import android.Manifest;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.content.pm.PackageManager;
import android.os.Build;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.telephony.SmsManager;
import android.view.View;
import android.widget.Button;
import android.widget.EditText;
import android.widget.Toast;
import androidx.annotation.NonNull;
import androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivity;
import androidx.core.app.ActivityCompat;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.ArrayList;
public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
    private EditText edPhone, edContent;
    private static final int SEND_SMS = 100;
    private static final String SENT_SMS_ACTION = "SENT_SMS_ACTION";
    private static final String DELIVERED_SMS_ACTION = "DELIVERED_SMS_ACTION";
    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
        
        edPhone = findViewById(R.id.ed_phone);
        edContent = findViewById(R.id.ed_content);
        Button btSend = findViewById(R.id.bt_send);
        btSend.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(View v) {
                requestPermission();
            }
        });
    }
    private void requestPermission() {
        if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.M) {
            if (ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission(this, Manifest.permission.SEND_SMS) != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
                ActivityCompat.requestPermissions(this, new String[]{Manifest.permission.SEND_SMS}, SEND_SMS);
            } else {
                sendSMSS();
            }
        } else {
            sendSMSS();
        }
    }
    @Override
    public void onRequestPermissionsResult(int requestCode, @NonNull String[] permissions, @NonNull int[] grantResults) {
        super.onRequestPermissionsResult(requestCode, permissions, grantResults);
        if (requestCode == SEND_SMS && grantResults[0] == PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
            sendSMSS();
        } else {
            Toast.makeText(this, "Permission Denied", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
        }
    }
    private void sendSMSS() {
        String phone = edPhone.getText().toString().trim();
        String content = edContent.getText().toString().trim();
        if (!phone.isEmpty() && !content.isEmpty()) {
            SmsManager smsManager = SmsManager.getDefault();
            List<String> dividedMessages = smsManager.divideMessage(content);
            for (String text : dividedMessages) {
                smsManager.sendTextMessage(phone, null, text, null, null);
            }
            Toast.makeText(this, "短信发送成功", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
        } else {
            Toast.makeText(this, "请填写完整的电话和内容", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
        }
    }
}

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