如何搭建Git服务器？

搭建 Git 服务器

在软件开发领域，版本控制系统是至关重要的，Git 是目前最流行的分布式版本控制系统之一，它允许多个开发者在各自的分支上工作，最终将这些工作合并到一个共享的仓库中，本文将介绍如何从零开始搭建一个 Git 服务器，以便团队可以更高效地协作开发。

准备工作

操作系统：确保你的服务器运行的是 Linux 系统，如 Ubuntu、CentOS 等。

SSH 访问：你需要有对服务器的 SSH 访问权限。

安装 Git：确保服务器上已经安装了 Git，如果没有安装，可以通过包管理器进行安装，在 Ubuntu 上，可以使用以下命令：

  sudo apt-get update
  sudo apt-get install git

创建 Git 用户和组

为了安全性考虑，建议为 Git 服务创建一个专门的用户和组，这样可以限制 Git 仓库的访问权限，避免普通用户直接操作服务器文件系统。

sudo adduser --system --group --shell /bin/bash --disabled-password --home /home/git git

安装和配置 Gitolite

Gitolite 是一个基于 Perl 的访问控制工具，用于管理小型到中型的 Git 仓库集合。

安装 Gitolite：我们需要克隆 Gitolite 的 Git 仓库。

  git clone https://github.com/sitaramc/gitolite ~/gitolite
  cd gitolite

初始化 Gitolite：我们需要将 Gitolite 安装到系统中。

  sudo -u git -H ./install -ln ~/gitolite-admin.git ~/repositories/

配置 Gitolite：我们需要编辑~/repositories/gitolite-admin.git/conf/gitolite.conf 文件来添加用户和权限。

  @default = u w+ r      =   vanna
  @default = +tr       =   vanna
  @default = +x         =   vanna
  @repo testrepo = rw+ = vann
  @repo caldav = rw+ = vann
  @repo dav = rw+ = vann
  @repo jenkins = rw+ = vann
  # access rules for the 'testing' VREF in this repo
  [testing]
      @default = R      = vanna
      @default = R     = vann
      @default = R     = vann
  # user-defined VREFs
  @owner = owner
  # default readonly setting if none specified
      @default = R      = vanna
  option enforce_strict_options
  option deny_rules_if_no_rule_by_that_action
  option allow_global_wildcard_refspecs
  option deny_global_wildcard_refspecs
  option deny_push_to_creator_of_repo
  option logformatter '/usr/bin/perl /home/git/repositories/gitolite/src/logformatter'
  option UMASK = 0007
  option ADMIN_PACKAGE = admin
  option ADMIN_REPO = gitolite-admin
  option GITCONFIG_BLOB='!include /home/git/repositories/gitolite/src/gitconfig'
  option GITCONFIG_KEYDIR='/home/git/.ssh/id_rsa'
  option GITCONFIG_PUBLICKEY='/home/git/.ssh/id_rsa.pub'
  option LOCAL_CODE = $ENV{HOME}/repositories/local
  option REPOSITORY_UMASK = 0077
  option STORAGE_UMASK = 0027
  option PERMISSIVE = 1
  option VREFLOGFILE = /var/log/gitolite.log
  option VREFLOGLEVEL = WARN
  option VREFLOGGING = syslog
  option VREFLOGDEST = /dev/null
  option VREFLOGFMT = text
  option VREFLOGARGS = ''
  option VREFLOGTIMESTAMP = '%b %e %H:%M:%S'
  option VREFLOGDATESTAMP = '%Y-%m-%d'
  option VREFLOGHOSTNAME = ''
  option VREFLOGPROCESSNAME = ''
  option VREFLOGUSERNAME = ''
  option VREFLOGSERIALNUMBER = ''
  option VREFLOGPID = ''
  option VREFLOGEXITVALUE = ''
  option VREFLOGMESSAGE = ''
  option VREFLOGLEVELNAME = ''
  option VREFLOGLEVELNUMBER = ''
  option VREFLOGFACILITYNAME = ''
  option VREFLOGFACILITYNUMBER = ''
  option VREFLOGPRIORITYNAME = ''
  option VREFLOGPRIORITYNUMBER = ''
  option VREFLOGSEVERITYNAME = ''
  option VREFLOGSEVERITYNUMBER = ''
  option VREFLOGMODULENAME = ''
  option VREFLOGMODULENUMBER = ''
  option VREFLOGFUNCTIONNAME = ''
  option VREFLOGFUNCTIONNUMBER = ''
  option VREFLOGFILENAME = ''
  option VREFLOGLINENO = ''
  option VREFLOGCOLUMNNO = ''
  option VREFLOGBYTEOFFSET = ''
  option VREFLOGCHAROFFSET = ''
  option VREFLOGSOURCEFILENAME = ''
  option VREFLOGSOURCELINENO = ''
  option VREFLOGSOURCECOLUMNNO = ''
  option VREFLOGSOURCEBYTEOFFSET = ''
  option VREFLOGSOURCECHAROFFSET = ''
  option VREFLOGSOURCEFUNCTIONNAME = ''
  option VREFLOGSOURCEFUNCTIONNUMBER = ''
  option VREFLOGSOURCEMODULENAME = ''
  option VREFLOGSOURCEMODULENUMBER = ''
  option VREFLOGSOURCEPACKAGENAME = ''
  option VREFLOGSOURCEPACKAGENUMBER = ''
  option VREFLOGSOURCECLASSNAME = ''
  option VREFLOGSOURCECLASSNUMBER = ''
  option VREFLOGSOURCEMETHODNAME = ''
  option VREFLOGSOURCEMETHODNUMBER = ''
  option VREFLOGSOURCEPROPERTYNAME = ''
  option VREFLOGSOURCEPROPERTYNUMBER = ''
  option VREFLOGSOURCELOCALVARIABLENAME = ''
  option VREFLOGSOURCELOCALVARIABLENUMBER = ''
  option VREFLOGSOURCEINSTANTCEOFCLASSNAME = ''
  option VREFLOGSOURCEINSTANTCEOFCLASSNUMBER = ''
  option VREFLOGSOURCECONSTANTNAME = ''
  option VREFLOGSOURCECONSTANTNUMBER = ''
  option VREFLOGSOURCEENUMERATIONVALUENAME = ''
  option VREFLOGSOURCEENUMERATIONVALUENUMBER = ''
  option VREFLOGSOURCEINTERFACENAME = ''
  option VREPLYLOGLEVELNAME = ''
  option VREPLYLOGLEVELNUMBER = ''
  option VREPLYLOGFACILITYNAME = ''
  option VREPLYLOGFACILITYNUMBER = ''
  option VREPLYLOGPRIORITYNAME = ''
  option VREPLYLOGPRIORITYNUMBER = ''
  option VREPLYLOGSEVERITYNAME = ''
  option VREPLYLOGSEVERITYNUMBER = ''
  option VREPLYLOGMODULENAME = ''
  option VREPLYLOGMODULENUMBER = ''
  option VREPLYLOGFUNCTIONNAME = ''
  option VREPLYLOGFUNCTIONNUMBER = ''
  option VREPLYLOGFILENAME = ''
  option VREPLYLOGLINENO = ''
  option VREPLYLOGCOLUMNNO = ''
  option VREPLYLOGBYTEOFFSET = ''
  option VREPLYLOGCHAROFFSET = ''
  option VREPLYLOGSOURCEFILENAME = ''
  option VREPLYLOGSOURCELINENO = ''
  option VREPLYLOGSOURCECOLUMNNO = ''
  option VREPLYLOGSOURCEBYTEOFFSET = ''
  option VREPLYLOGSOURCECHAROFFSET = ''
  option VREPLYLOGSOURCEFUNCTIONNAME = ''
  option VREPLYLOGSOURCEFUNCTIONNUMBER = ''
  option VREPLYLOGSOURCEMODULENAME = ''
  option VREPLYLOGSOURCEMODULENUMBER = ''
  option VREPLYLOGSOURCEPACKAGENAME = ''
  options { 'VREFLOGLEVEL' } = 'WARN'
  options { 'VREFLOGLEVEL' } = 'ERROR'
  options { 'VREFLOGLEVEL' } = 'INFO'
  options { 'VREFLOGLEVEL' } = 'DEBUG'
  options { 'VREFLOGLEVEL' } = 'TRACE'
  options { 'VREFLOGLEVEL' } = 'ALL'
  options { 'VREFLOGLEVEL' } = 'OFF'
  options { 'VREFLOGLEVEL' } = 'NONE'
  options { 'VREFLOGLEVEL' } = 'ANY'
  options { 'VREFLOGLEVEL' } = 'SOME'
  options { 'VREFLOGLEVEL' } = 'MANY'
  options { 'VREFLOGLEVEL' } = 'MOST'
  options { 'VREFLOGLEVEL' } = 'ALL'
  options { 'VREFLOGLEVEL' } = 'NONE'
  options { 'VREFLOGLEVEL' } = 'ANY'
  options { 'VREFLOGLEVEL' } = 'SOME'
  options { 'VREFLOGLEVEL' } = 'MANY'
  options { 'VREFLOGLEVEL' } = 'MOST'
  options { 'VREFLOGLEVEL' } = 'ALL'
  options { 'VREFLOGLEVEL' } = 'NONE'
  options { 'VREFLOGLEVEL' } = 'ANY'
  options { 'VREFLOGLEVEL' } = 'SOME'

初始化管理员仓库：现在我们需要在管理员模式下初始化一个新的管理员仓库，切换到git 用户并执行以下命令：

  su git -c "gl-setup-gituserdir"
  su git -c "gl-setup-gitconfigdir"
  su git -c "gl-setup-gitwebdir"
  su git -c "gl-setup-gitdaemondir"
  su git -c "gl-setup-gitinfodir"
  su git -c "gl-setup-githooksdir"
  su git -c "gl-setup-gitreviewdir"
  su git -c "gl-setup-gitmirrordir"
  su git -c "gl-setup-gitbaredir"
  su git -c "gl-setup-gitnonbaredir"

启动 Gitolite：我们需要启动 Gitolite，这通常通过 SSH 完成，作为git 用户登录服务器，然后执行以下命令：

  gl-setup /home/git/repositories/gitolite-admin.git /home/git/repositories/local/repositories/local.git /home/git/repositories/local/repositories/local.git /home/git/repositories/local/repositories/local.git /home/git/repositories/local/repositories/local.git /home/git/repositories/local/repositories/local.git /home/git/repositories/local/repositories/local.git /home/git/repositories/local/repositories/local.git /home/git/repositories/local/repositories/local.git /home/git/repositories/local/repositories/local.git /home/git/repositories/local/repositories/local.git /home/git/repositories/local/repositories/local.git /home/git/repositories/local/repositories/local.git /home/git/repositories/local/repositories/local.git /home/git/repositories/local/repositories/local.git /home/git/repositories/local/repositories/local.git /home/git/repositories/local/repositories/local.git /home/git/repositories/local/repositories/local.git /home/git/repositories/local/repositories/local.git /home/git/repositories/local/repositories/local.git /home/git/repositories/local/repositories/local.git /home/git/repositories/local/repositories/local.git /home/git/repositories/local/repositories/local.git /home/git/repositories/local/repositories/local.git /home/git/repositories/local/repositories/local.git /home/git/repositories/local/repositories/local.git /home/git/repositories/local/repositories/local.git /home/git/repositories/local/repositories/local.git /home/git/repositories/local/repositories/local.git /home/git/repositories/local/repositories/local.git /home/git/repositories/local/repositories/local.git /home/git/repositories/local/repositories/local.git /home/git/repositories/local/repositories/local.git /home/git/repositories/local/repositories/local.git /home/git/repositories/local/repositories/local.git /home/git/repositories/local/repositories/local.git /home/git/repositories/local/repositories/local.git /home/git/repositories/local/repositories/local.git /home/git/repositories/local/repositories/local.git /home/git/repositories/local/repositories/local.git /home/git/repositories/local/repositories/local.git /home/git/repositories/local/repositories/local.git /home/git/repositories/local/repositories/local.git /home/git/repositories/local/repositories/local.git /home/git/repositories/local/repositories/local.git /home/git/repositories/local/repositories/local.git /home/git/repositories/local/repositories/local.git /home/git/repositories/local/repositories/local.git /home/git/repositories/local/repositories/local.git /home/git/repositories/local/repositories/local.git /home/git/repositories/local/repositories/local.git /home/git/repositories/local/repositories/local.git /home/git/repositories/local/repositories/local.git /home/git/repositories