linux如何加入域

概述

随着企业网络的发展，越来越多的公司开始使用域(Domain)来管理其计算机和用户，域可以实现许多功能，如集中式用户认证、组策略管理、软件分发等，在这样的环境下，将Linux加入到Windows域成为一个常见的需求，本文将详细介绍如何将Linux加入到Windows域，包括配置Linux系统、安装Samba服务、设置组策略等方面的内容。

配置Linux系统

1、更新系统软件包

在将Linux加入到域之前，首先需要确保系统的软件包是最新的，可以使用以下命令进行更新：

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get upgrade

2、安装必要的软件包

为了让Linux系统能够与Windows域进行通信，需要安装一些必要的软件包，可以使用以下命令进行安装：

sudo apt-get install samba krb5-user libpam-krb5

3、配置Kerberos客户端

为了能够在域中进行身份验证，需要在Linux系统中配置Kerberos客户端，首先创建一个名为krb5.conf的配置文件，并添加以下内容：

[libdefaults]
    default_realm = YOURDOMAIN.COM
    dns_lookup_realm = false
    dns_lookup_kdc = true
    ticket_lifetime = 24h
    renew_lifetime = 7d
    forwardable = true
[realms]
    YOURDOMAIN.COM = {
        kdc = yourdomain.com
        admin_server = yourdomain.com
    }

将其中的YOURDOMAIN.COM替换为实际的域名，yourdomain.com替换为实际的KDC服务器地址，然后编辑/etc/krb5.conf文件，将其中的yourdomain.com替换为实际的域名，创建一个名为krb5cc_yourdomain.com的文件，并添加以下内容：

[libdefaults]
    dns_lookup_realm = false
    dns_lookup_kdc = true
    ticket_lifetime = 24h
    renew_lifetime = 7d
    forwardable = true
[realms]
    YOURDOMAIN.COM = {
        kdc = yourdomain.com:38900
        admin_server = yourdomain.com:38900
    }

将其中的yourdomain.com替换为实际的域名和KDC服务器地址，接下来，使用krb5cc_config命令生成密钥表：

sudo krb5cc_config --genkeytab --kdc yourdomain.com --name yourusername --password yourpassword > /tmp/keytabfile

将其中的yourusername和yourpassword替换为实际的用户名和密码，将生成的密钥表导入到Linux系统中：

sudo krb5int _ktadd -r yourdomain.com /tmp/keytabfile yourusername@YOURDOMAIN.COM && sudo krb5int klist && sudo usermod -aG krb5login yourusername yourpassword && sudo chmod 644 /tmp/keytabfile && sudo chown root:root /tmp/keytabfile && sudo chmod 600 /tmp/keytabfile && sudo systemctl restart sshd.service && sudo systemctl enable sshd.service && sudo systemctl status sshd.service && sudo klist && sudo kinit yourusername@YOURDOMAIN.COM && sudo service sshd restart && sudo systemctl status sshd.service && echo "Linux加入到Windows域成功" || echo "Linux加入到Windows域失败" | sudo tee -a /var/log/messages & tail -f /var/log/messages & sleep infinity & sudo killall tail & sudo pkill tail & exit $?

安装Samba服务

1、安装Samba软件包

使用以下命令安装Samba软件包：

sudo apt-get install samba cifs-utils netatalk-clients acl-tools dbus-user-session dbus-x11-common dbus-glib-1-2 dbus-daemon libavahi-compat-libdnssd2 libavahi-client3 libnss3 libnss3-tools xdg-user-dirs-gtk gvfs-bin gvfs-desktops gvfs-mime-info gvfs-smb-share mimeapps2 python3-gi python3-gi-cairo python3-pip python3-setuptools python3-wheel python3-xlib libwebkitgtk-dev libnotify-dev libnspr4 libnspr4-dev libgbm1 libgbm1-dev libpci3 libpci3-dev libcups2 libcups2-dev libnss3 cups cups-pdf cupsfilter cupsprint cupsspooler xdgmime xdgcfgmime xdgdesktopicons xdgmenu xdgmime xdgscrnsaver xdgwinportal xdgwinportal-cli xdgutils xdgtoplevelcheck xdgvboxportal xdgvboxportal-cli xdgvfs xdgvfs-gnome xdgvfs-gnomex rsync wget curl tar bzip2 zip unzip jq sed grep findcat cut sort uniq head tail join diff diffstat join sort uniq head tail join diff diffstat join sort uniq head tail join diff diffstat join sort uniq head tail join diff diffstat join sort uniq head tail join diff diffstat join sort uniq head tail join diff diffstat join sort uniq head tail join diff diffstat join sort uniq head tail join diff diffstat join sort uniq head tail join diff diffstat join sort uniq head tail join diff diffstat join sort uniq head tail join diff diffstat join sort uniq head tail join diff diffstat join sort uniq head tail join diff diffstat join sort uniq head tail join diff diffstat join sort uniq head tail join diff diffstat join sort uniq head tail join diff diffstat join sort uniq head tail | sudo tee --append=/etc/apt/sources.list.d/samba.list <<EOF && echo 'deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu $(lsb_release -sc) main universe restricted multiverse' | sudo tee --append=/etc/apt/sources.list.d/canonical.list <<EOF && echo 'deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu $(lsb_release -sc) main universe' | sudo tee --append=/etc/apt/sources.list.d/universe.list <<EOF && sudo apt update && sudo apt install --no-install-recommends 
ttsamba cifs-utils netatalk-clients acl-tools dbus-user-session dbus-x11-common dbus-glib-1-2 dbus-daemon 
ttlibavahi-compat-libdnssd2 libavahi-client3 libnss3 libnss3-tools xdg-user-dirs-gtk 
ttgvfs gvfs-bin gvfs-desktops gvfs-mime gvfs-smb gvfsmount gvfslock gvfsckmount gvfsfind gvfspasswd 
ttpython3 python3-gi python3-gi-cairo python3-pip python3 setuptools python3 wheel python3xlib 
ttlibwebkitgtk2 libwebkitgtk2.0 libwebkitgtk2.0-dev libwebkitgtk2.0:i386 libwebkitgtk2.0:amd64 
ttlibnotify4 libnotify4:i386 libnotify4:amd64 libnspr4 libnspr4:i386 libnspr4:amd64 
ttlibgbm1 libgbm1:i386 libgbm1:amd64 cups cupsfilter cupsprint cupsspooler 
ttxdgmime xdgmime:i386 xdgmime:amd64 xdgdesktopicons xdgdesktopicons:i386 xdgmenu xdgmenu:i386 
ttxdgwinportal xdgwinportal:i386 xdgwinportal:amd64 xdgvboxportal xdgvboxportal:i386 
ttxdgvfs xdgvfs:i386 xdgvfs:amd64 wget curl tar bzip2 zip unzip jq sed grep findcat cut sort uniq head tail join diff diffstat join sort uniq head tail join diff diffstat join sort uniq head tail join diff diffstat join sort uniq head tail join diff diff