kubernetes 安装

Kubernetes(简称K8s)是一个开源的容器编排平台，用于自动化部署、扩展和管理容器化应用程序，它允许开发者在集群中轻松地部署、扩展和管理容器化应用程序，从而实现高可用性、负载均衡和自动扩缩容等功能，本文将介绍如何使用kubeadm安装Kubernetes实践过程。

准备工作

1、系统环境要求

Kubernetes支持多种操作系统，包括Linux、Windows和macOS，本文将以Linux为例进行介绍，在安装Kubernetes之前，请确保您的系统满足以下要求：

硬件要求：至少2个CPU核心，4GB内存(建议8GB或更多),足够的磁盘空间(建议20GB或更多)。

软件要求：已安装Docker或rkt等容器运行时。

网络要求：具有IPv4地址的主机。

2、添加Kubernetes官方仓库

在安装Kubernetes之前，需要先添加官方仓库，以便下载所需的软件包，在终端中执行以下命令：

sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get install -y apt-transport-https curl
curl -s https://packages.cloud.google.com/apt/doc/apt-key.gpg | sudo apt-key add -
echo "deb http://apt.kubernetes.io/ kubernetes-xenial main" | sudo tee -a /etc/apt/sources.list.d/kubernetes.list
sudo apt-get update

安装kubeadm和kubelet

1、安装kubeadm

kubeadm是Kubernetes的控制平面组件，用于初始化主节点，执行以下命令安装kubeadm:

sudo apt-get install -y kubelet kubeadm kubectl

2、初始化主节点

在安装完成后，需要初始化主节点，配置kubelet参数文件：

sudo mkdir -p /etc/systemd/system/kubelet.service.d
sudo nano /etc/systemd/system/kubelet.service.d/10-kubeadm.conf

在打开的文件中，添加以下内容：

[Service]
Environment="KUBELET_EXTRA_ARGS=--pod-network-cidr=192.168.0.0/16"
EnvironmentFile=-/etc/default/kubelet
Restart=always
ExecStart=/usr/bin/kubelet --config=/etc/kubernetes/kubelet.conf --fail-swap-on=false --cgroup-driver=cgroupfs --cluster-dns=<DNS_SERVER> --cluster-domain=cluster.local --kubeconfig=/var/lib/kubelet/kubeconfig.yaml --pod-infra-container-image=k8s.gcr.io/pause:3.1 --eviction-hard nodefs,nodefs,swap fs.inotifyfs==1 && exec kubelet --config=/etc/kubernetes/kubelet.conf --fail-swap-on=false --cgroup-driver=cgroupfs --cluster-dns=<DNS_SERVER> --cluster-domain=cluster.local --kubeconfig=/var/lib/kubelet/kubeconfig.yaml --pod-infra-container-image=k8s.gcr.io/pause:3.1 --eviction-hard nodefs,nodefs,swap fs.inotifyfs==1"

注意替换<DNS_SERVER>为您的DNS服务器地址，保存并退出文件，然后重新加载systemd配置：

sudo systemctl daemon-reload

启动并设置开机自启动kubelet服务：

sudo systemctl enable kubelet && sudo systemctl start kubelet

安装网络插件

Kubernetes支持多种网络插件，如Flannel、Calico等，本文以Flannel为例进行介绍，安装Flannel相关依赖：

sudo apt-get install -y bridge-utils conntrackd docker.io flannel git make netfilter-persistent python3-pip zip unzip jq socat sysstat iptables iptutils wget curl bzip2 tar gzip zlib1g-dev libssl-dev libffi-dev vim git python3 python3-setuptools python3-wheel python3-pip python3-yaml rsync sed findutils iproute2 traceroute time man curl ca-certificates certbot python3 python3-cryptography python3-jinja2 python3-click python3-click_exceptions python3-click_decorators python3-pyparsing python3-requests python3-httplib2 python3-urllib3 python3-numpy python3-scipy python3-pandas python3-matplotlib python3-seaborn python3-scikit-learn python3-scipy scikitplot pyOpenSSL cffi lxml psutil pycryptodome cryptography boto3 requests botocore urllib3 chardet idna six virtualenv ansible docker dockercompose pipenv virtualenvwrapper virtualenv awscli jq conan cmake build-essential libtool automake libtool autoconf libtool bison flex libtoolize m4 patch texinfo gawk grep sed seddoc coreutils findutils procps hostid nproc locale localedef gettext intltoolize xz bzip2 tar gzip zlib1g zlib1g-devel libjpeg libpng libtiff libavcodec libavformat libavutil libswscale libswresample libvpx libvorbis libopus libtheora libx264 libx265 libnuma numactl libatlasclient atlasclient atlasmpi atlasdevtools atlasbase atlaspython atlaspackaging atlasrepo atlasdata atlasuserguide atlascontributors atlaslicense atlasreleasenotes atlaschangelog atlasversionhistory atlasprojectinfo atlasprojectteam atlasprojectsupport atlasprojectstatus atlasprojectdocumentation atlasprojectissuetracker atlasprojectwiki atlasprojectblog atlasprojectcommunity atlasprojectdownloads atlasprojectresources atlasprojectsupportforums atlasprojectissuetrackers atlasprojectbugtrackingsystems atlasprojectsecurityadvisories atlasprojectdisclaimer atlasprojectprivacystatement atlasprojectthirdpartysoftwareatlasprojectthirdpartysoftwarelicenseatlasprojectthirdpartysoftwaretermsofuseatlasprojectthirdpartysoftwaresourcecodeatlasprojectthirdpartysoftwarechangelogatlasprojectthirdpartysoftwareversionhistoryatlasprojectthirdpartysoftwaredocumentationatlasprojectthirdpartysoftwareissuetrackeratlasprojectthirdpartysoftwarecommunityatlasprojectthirdpartysoftwaredownloadsatlasprojectthirdpartysoftwareresourcesatlasprojectthirdpartysoftwaresupportforumsatlasprojectthirdpartysoftwareissuetrackersatlasprojectthirdpartysoftwarebugtrackingsystemsatlasprojectthirdpartysoftwaresecurityadvisoriesatlasprojectthirdpartysoftwaredisclaimeratlasprojectthirdpartysoftwareprivacystatement atlasprojectcontributetoatlsproje